Mental Illness and Crim Behavior Free Essays

An examination done in 1999 shows that out of the 3,000,000 captures made, we can see that no particular race, monetary gathering, or sexual orientation bunch is the reason for such a high number of captures. In the perusing it appears as though criminal conduct is spoken about as a way to fulfill ones needs so as to compensate for something that they need. For instance in the perusing it clarifies how youthful grown-ups are regularly disappointed with their lives paying little mind to race or financial status, they will figure out how to take their dissatisfactions and lash out. We will compose a custom paper test on Dysfunctional behavior and Crim Behavior or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now This is to state that regardless of how â€Å"normal† or â€Å"bizarre† the criminal’s mind is by all accounts, the criminal despite everything has cognizance and tender loving care of the wrongdoing they have been associated with thus they can't be guaranteed as â€Å"mentally ill†. In spite of these discoveries, one may contend that despite the fact that wrongdoing isn't really a â€Å"race† or â€Å"economic† factor yet it assumes a job in one’s life (natural elements). When all is said in done it is realized that criminal conduct is both an individual and social issue. A few wrongdoings are plotted and completed while others appear to be to a greater degree a urgent demonstration. In any case, these wrongdoings require â€Å"logic and self-control†, as it says in the perusing. (Page 26) This perusing further recommends that regardless of how strange a criminal demonstration tangle be, the guilty party has a total comprehension and familiarity with the wrongdoing and their activities that accompany completing the wrongdoing. This annihilations the groundings of the madness or the intellectually sick yet blameworthy barrier. Be that as it may, in the wake of glancing back at the perusing, one may scrutinize the announcements made in light of the fact that they appear to uneven in that they are not investigating the possibility of a criminal who is intellectually sick and simply investigating that society is the reason for criminal acts. One proclamation that is made which stands apart is the point at which it is said that â€Å"crime isn't infectious like the chicken pox†. While it stands genuine that since one individual in a network chooses to participate in criminal conduct, it doesn't intend to state that others will before long start to take part in comparable conduct just in light of the fact that they are near that underlying individual. Notwithstanding, with regards to individuals who are intellectually sick the wrongdoings they carry out are a kind of â€Å"chicken pox† in that specific psychological maladjustments cause particular sorts of violations so it is now and again perceivable dependent on one’s conduct in the event that they will perpetrate a wrongdoing connected to their dysfunctional behavior. Likewise, if a criminal with a psychological instability is placed into everybody of a restorative office, they might be affected by others and their conduct to act in a manner like those they had contact with. In spite of the fact that the earth of an individual frequently decides their conduct, rationale, and feelings their DNA or pre-arranged conditions additionally assume a job. Alluding back to the model given on page 27, a man who killed his significant other in the warmth of a contention would not be considered for the madness guard as a result of his â€Å"temporary insanity† through a savage wrongdoing of enthusiasm. To Samenow, this individual was not â€Å"seized by an alien† or had a â€Å"uncontrollable impulse† thus this man was not abnormal for carrying out this wrongdoing on the grounds that as indicated by Samenow he had voiced in the past that he had wished her dead or that the man regularly held quarrels against the individuals who crossed him. Samenow then shows a case wherein a man with more terrible issues (his better half undermining him), didn't look for retribution along these lines and decided to act reasonably by appealing to for a separation. As indicated by Samenow the main case shows a man not with a psychological instability yet with a social/individual issue whose condition drives him to decide to act in such a manner. Albeit convincing it tends to be contended that this rather is a case of a man who can depict or imitate what the â€Å"norm† is and can have all the earmarks of being working typically in spite of having there be an extreme psychological maladjustment, for example, a character issue in which he takes part in deliberate malignant conduct (pushing his better half, looking for retribution for the individuals who hurt him) and may really be more damage to himself than others before killing his significant other. This individual might be profoundly enchanting, shrewd, and ready to be assembled in the interim inside he can't adapt to the earth around him thus he makes this persona of the individual who others anticipate that him should be. This is an individual who experiences a significant psychological instability and won't have the option to sincerely comprehend their violations or the rationale/ethical quality for why it isn't right. In spite of the fact that having a psychological maladjustment may for a person to act with a specific goal in mind, it doesn't pardon their activities and they ought to have outcomes similarly as some other individual would. Be that as it may, an individual with a psychological maladjustment ought to be held to an alternate degree of duty since they as of now can't adapt to their lives which is the reason they acted in such a manner in the first place. A criminal with a dysfunctional behavior ought to be placed into treatment to permit them to pick up procedures to adapt to life and with circumstances which cause them to carry on alongside an imprisonment sentence. Step by step instructions to refer to Mental Illness and Crim Behavior, Papers

Sony Corporation Globalization Meets Localization Sample Essay Example For Students

Sony Corporation: Globalization Meets Localization Sample Essay What is a global enterprise? Select any one and show a short exposition on what the organization produces. where are the establishments found. what's more, allude to features of capital. work. also, markets of its finishing up stock. Abstraction:A worldwide organization is a broadly based organization that oversees creation units or offers support in at least two states. They are companies that make judgments from a planetary planned rather than one unified focal office. Normally the company will hold its focal workplaces in a single state. while it works in at least one different states. Sony is a Nipponese global partnership headquartered in Tokyo. Japan. It is one of the taking creators of electronic stocks for the buyer and expert markets. Sony gives overall assistance and has more than 162. 000 businesses internationally. This paper will explore the creation of Sony and how the area of its establishments influences the corporation’s capital. work. furthermore, markets of product. Worldwide enterprises are broadly based organizations that oversee creation units or flexibly administration in at least two states. They are partnerships that make judgments from a planetary planned rather than one concentrated focal office. The main worldwide enterprise was the Dutch East India Company. which was established in 1602 and created exchange joins for prized exchange merchandise, for example, Piper nigrum between Arabia. India. China. the Dutch East Indies. also, Japan. ( Rodrigue. 2012 ) Since so. they have gotten the most impressive monetary and political powers known to man today including a few organizations that have spending plans bigger than numerous states known to man. Actually. starting at 2002. 51 of the best 100 planetary financial frameworks were global enterprises. ( Anderson A ; Cavanagh. 2002 ) Worldwide organizations have powerfully affected universal dealingss. each piece great as neighborhood monetary frameworks. They have an enormous capacity in globalization. These enterprises hold 90 for each centum of all designing licenses worldwide and are engaged with 70 for every centum of planetary exchange. ( Tormenting. 1992 ) More and a greater amount of these enterprises have kept on creating. What began with 7. 000 TNC’s in 1970. bounced to 40. 000 by 1995. Today there are more than 60. 000 global enterprises overall ; the greater part of which originate from just 5 expresses: The United States of America. France. Germany. the Netherlands and Japan. ( Ward. 2003 ) I imagined that it is fascinating to inquire about a global enterprise that began in a state other than the United States. In this way. the organization that I will be turn toing in this paper was established in Japan: Sony Corporation. This unconventional TNC is known as a Transnational Media Corporation criticalness that its essential product is data and entertainment. I needed to take an enterprise from outside of the United States. however, that was as yet famous and had solid nearness here. Numerous global organizations will in general focus more on their homeland partnerships and show less worry for factories abroad. ( Tormenting. 1992 ) I picked Sony in light of the fact that I was keen on occurring out if the judgments made by Sony functionaries were mostly to help Japan. or then again if these conclusions were made in the contribution of the entirety of their planetary buyers. Sony began in September of 1945 during the wake of World War II. Japan was under Reconstruction and there was a popularity for knowledge and data. This new expansion sought after roused a grown-up male by the name of Masaru Ibuka to make a remote fix store with the goal that individuals popular of imparting from the specialists could hold the hardware to make so. ( Gurshun A ; Kanayama. 2002 ) The undermentioned twelvemonth Ibuka and his companion Akio Morita shaped an organization called Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corporation. The organization fabricated Japan’s as a matter of first importance time copying hardware. which they named the Type G. ( Luh. 2003 ) Unfortunately for Ibuka and Morita. Japan had an awful open notoriety of making low quality stocks. Morita accepted that if the two needed to come in manufacture and gross incomes of electronic gear. it must make a market nearness in the United States where stock quality had a decent standing. In 1951. Ibuka chose to go to the United States where he learned of the imaginative action of the transistor by a grown-up male named Bell Lab. He had the option to change over Bell to permit the transistor designing to his Nipponese organization for usages in imparting. ( Gurshun A ; Kanayama. 2002 ) Masaru Ibuka and his crew of applied researchers made the main financially efficacious remote transistor called the ‘TR-63 Radio’ ( Schiffer. 1991 ) By the late fiftiess. Americans had started to buy convenient transistor wirelesss in solid Numberss. doing an incredible improving in this amateur industry from intitial net incomes of around 100. 000 units in 1955 to around 5,000,000 units by the terminal of 1968. ( Chang. 2008 ) in the meantime. Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita renamed their organization to Sony Corporation. which was a mix of the Latin word sonus. proposing sound. furthermore, sonny. a moniker for a little male youngster. This name was an examination of the company’s goals to turn and match to a picture of vivacious youngster. ( Chang. 2008 ) Two mature ages in this way Akio Morita established the Sony Corporation of America. authoritatively changing Sony into a worldwide partnership. Following their development of the transistor broadcasting. Sony offered American Depository Receipts ( ADRs ) on the nonprescription market of the New York Stock Exchange in June of 1961. puting an establishment toward its advancement into a planetary organization. It was non until 1970 that Sony’s partitions were authoritatively recorded on the Exchange. ( Luh. 2003 ) Sony started elevating other experient specialists to go forward their occupations and see a calling with Sony. vitalizing other Nipponese organizations to make the equivalent. This started Japan as a commanding exporter in the sixtiess. 70s. what's more, 80s and improved the perceptual experience of Nipponese stocks of being ‘low quality’ . Truth be told. Sony had the option to hold up under down above market money related an incentive because of the open awareness of their top notch stocks. ( The United Nations Library on Transnational Corporations. 1993 ) Japanese Negotiations EssayBibliography: Anderson. S. . A ; Cavanagh. J. ( 2002. January 3 ) . Report on the Top 200 Corporations. Recovered November 29. 2012. from Corporations. organization: hypertext move convention:/www. partnerships. organization/framework/top100. hypertext markup language This was a site that furnished me with data sing the best global companies in the twelvemonth 2002. I utilized this data to demo that a portion of these enterprises had more pay than full states. which implies they have a lot of monetary and political force. Carasco. Emily. ( 2003. February 21 ) . The Content and Focus of the Codes of Ethics of the World’s Largest Transnational Corporations. Recovered December 3. 2012 from OnlineLibrary. Wiley. Com: hypertext move convention:/onlinelibrary. wiley. com/doi/10. 1111/1467-8594. 00007/full This article. which I got off of GoogleScholar. given me important data on the moralss of Sony Corporation. It gave me extraordinary entrance on how the estimations of the laminitiss of Sony are reflected through how the partnership is ran even today. Chang. S. - J. ( 2008 ) . Sony versus Samsung: The Inside Story of The Electronics Giants’ Battle For Global Supremacy. Hoboken: John Wiley A ; Sons. This book contains a cluster of data about the ascent and harvest time of Sony as an electronic planetary control. It contains data about things, for example, thought processes. limitations. what's more, plans of the company each piece great as intensive records of the ground to go a worldwide partnership. which gives pertinence to my subject Dunning. John H. The competitory bit of leeway of states and the exercises of global enterprises. Global Corporations 1. 1 ( 1992 ) : 135-168. This is an article from the diary Transnational Corporations 1. 1. I found the article on Google Scholar and it furnished me with significant data on Transnational Corporations explicitly how they advantage the condition of where they begin. Gurshun. R. A. . A ; Kanayama. T. ( 2002 ) . The Sony Corporation: A Case Study in Transnational Media Management. The International Journal on Media Management. 105-117. This is an example review about the history and improvement of Sony Corporation each piece great as the worry conspire behind the augmentation of the company transnationally. The paper contends that the worry plot and corporate human advancement of a partnership straight mirrors the individual answerable for building up the association and concern strategic. It is pertinent to my subject since it talks around Sony as a worldwide partnership and the stocks it makes. Jedrzej. G. F. . A ; Scott. P. Transnational Corporations and Human Rights. Basingstoke. New hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.This book truly wound up being less useful than I suspected only on the grounds that Sony partnership is non the ‘stereotypical’ global organization. The books that I read on Sony depicted the company as one of high ethical quality with values that incorporate certainty. human rights. what's more, value. Konan. M. - k. ( 2012. May 10 ) . Sony News A ; Information. Recovered December 2. 2012. from Sony. the internet: hypertext move convention:/www. sony. net/SonyInfo/IR/monetary/fr/11q4_sony. pdf This site gave numerical informations sing things, for example, working gross incomes. net. salary. head tallies. suc

Blog Archive MBA News GRE Gains More Acceptance, But GMAT Still Reigns

Blog Archive MBA News GRE Gains More Acceptance, But GMAT Still Reigns More than 400 full-time MBA programs accept GRE scores as part of the application process, including top-30 programs such as the Stanford Graduate School of Business and Harvard Business School. However, admissions officers still seem to prefer that applicants take the GMAT instead. According to a Kaplan survey, 32% of schools that accept both GRE and GMAT scores regard applicants who submit GMAT scores more favorably, although 65% reported that an applicant gains no advantage by submitting results for one test over another. Of the schools surveyed, 69% said that fewer than one in ten applicants submitted a GRE score in the most recent admission cycle when given the option. And, of the schools that allow students to submit only GMAT scores, 75% reported that they have no plans to accept GRE scores in the future. So, although the GRE is gaining more acceptance, it is still a fairly new addition to the MBA admissions process and will not be taking over anytime soon. Share ThisTweet News

Preventing Plagiarism When Writing A Research Paper

PREVENTING PLAGIARISM WHEN WRITING In a research paper, you have to come up with your own original ideas while at the same time making reference to work that s already been done by others. But how can you tell where their ideas end and your own begin? What s the proper way to integrate sources in your paper? If you change some of what an author said, do you still have to cite that author? Confusion about the answers to these questions often leads to plagiarism. If you have similar questions or are concerned about preventing plagiarism, we recommend using the checklist below. PLANNING YOUR PAPER CONSULT WITH YOUR INSTRUCTOR Have questions about plagiarism? If you can t find the answers on our site or are unsure about something, you†¦show more content†¦TAKE EFFECTIVE NOTES One of the best ways to prepare for a research paper is by taking thorough notes from all of your sources so that you have much of the information organized before you begin writing. On the other hand, poor note-taking can lead to many problems-- including improper citations and misquotations, both of which are forms of plagiarism! To avoid confusion about your sources, try using different colored fonts, pens, or pencils for each one, and make sure you clearly distinguish your own ideas from those you found elsewhere. Also, get in the habit of marking page numbers, and make sure that you record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source right away-- finding them again later when you are trying to finish your paper can be a nightmare! WRITING YOUR PAPER WHEN IN DOUBT, CITE SOURCES Of course you want to get credit for your own ideas. And, you don t want your instructor to think that you got all of your information from somewhere else. But if it is unclear whether an idea in your paper really came from you, or whether you got it from somewhere else and just changed it a little, you should always cite your source. Instead of weakening your paper and making it seem like you have fewer original ideas, this will actually strengthen your paper by: showing that you are not just copying other ideas but are processing and adding to

Essay about History of Slavery in America - 1731 Words

Working long hours, whipped to death, starved, and broken spirits all describe a slave. It’s not something you hear every day. It’s not something anyone ever wants to hear. Just because we don’t hear it every day doesn’t mean it doesn’t exist. I decided to do Slave Rights to remind people that there is still slavery in the world today. If people are educated about the past then they may not make the same mistakes in the future. It has been postulated that ancient civilizations would not have developed had it not been for slavery. The cost of building temples and monuments in Egypt, Greece, and Rome would have been prohibitive had it not been for slave labor. They got the slaves from lands they conquered. When I was deciding what to do for†¦show more content†¦As on the boat, living conditions on land were poor. The slaves had to rely on the plantation owners for their every need. Many of the slaves living on plantations did not receive professional medical care. (Treatments of Slaves in the U.S.) â€Å"Medical care to slaves was generally provided by other slaves or by slaveholders family members.† (Treatments of Slaves in the U.S.) Many slaveholders gave the slaves a plot of land on which to build their houses. A few actually had houses already built. If the slaveholders already had the houses built, they were one room, hut-like buildings with no or little furniture. These houses had dirt floors, a leaky ceiling, and mud walls. (Treatments of Slaves in the U.S.) Some slaves were treated better than others. Some of the plantation owners were nice to their slaves. They had hard working slaves because the slaves were healthy and strong. Most plantation owners did not grasp this concept. If you were a slave that worked in the plantation houses, you almost always got better living conditions. If you were not working in the plantation houses, you were working in the fields. Working in the fields all day caused slaves to have little time to make decent food or to improve their homes and make or obtain things they needed like pots and pans. Sometimes slave owners would give the slaves fat from the meat, or cheap cornbread. If the master did not make enough money to feed the slaves, they would all starve.Show MoreRelatedThe History of Slavery in the Americas732 Words   |  3 Pageswork very hard on plantations and in mines. In the early 17th century, European settlers in North America turned to African slaves as an inexpensive, harder labored source, much better than indentured servants (who were mostly poor Europeans). In 1619, a Dutch ship brought 20 African Americans to the British colonies of Jamestown, Virginia, Charleston, and mostly any other big cities on the cost. Slavery spread throughout the American colonies pretty fast. It is impossible to give an exact number,Read MoreSlavery Is A Very Important Topic Of America History. The1379 Words   |  6 PagesSlavery is a very important topic of America history. The word slavery has many different definitions; however, only one, in particular, stands out. Slavery is a system under which people are kept against their will and forced into labor (Lively). In other words, slaves did not have the opportunity to make their own decisions. The working conditions were very poor; however, the more money they made, the more they could buy their way to freedo m. Slavery has impacted the world today tremendouslyRead MoreSlavery Made A Huge Impact On America s History991 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery made a huge impact on America’s history. It has been exactly 150 years since Abraham Lincoln abolished slavery. Before that, life for any slave, man or woman, was extremely rough. They tried their best to make life easy for themselves. Some became fed up with their treatment so they overtly and covertly rebelled. Overt being the open and more dangerous of the two. Covert rebellions were more of snide comments towards their master. The life and rebellions of slaves were extremely difficultRead MoreRacism And Chattel Slavery Has A Unique History Within America2204 Words   |  9 Pagesfounding fathers lifestyles, and what the American government was built upon, racism comes into play and has yet to leave. Although this dark history is pushed aside in whitewashed history books, and is rarely discussed when talking about the founding fathe rs actions, it is still extremely important. Racism and chattel slavery has a unique history within America, since the after effects are still lingering in laws, and within people minds who have passed down such racist ideas to their children whoRead MoreEarly History Of America By Robert Lloyd Garrison And The Struggle Against Slavery998 Words   |  4 PagesEarly History of America It draws the global attention to the extend and the achievements of America concerning the major issues of development. However, it must be noted that the history of achievement takes its form of complexity that features the details and characters involved in the immediate past, as well as the ones who determined the current status of America. In the process, major issues like slavery, revolution and settlement served as major drawbacks that hampered development within theRead MoreSlavery: A Necessary Evil1838 Words   |  7 PagesSlavery: A Necessary Evil â€Å"The fact is, that civilization requires slaves. The Greeks were quite right there. Unless there are slaves to do the ugly, horrible, uninteresting work, culture and contemplation become almost impossible.† - OSCAR WILDE, The Soul of Man Under Socialism ! The issue of slavery has been debated for hundreds, if not thousands, of years. It is of undisputed awareness that the act of enslaving another man or women is to strip them of their civil and natural liberties. It is alsoRead MoreThe Gap Between Africa And Afro America1099 Words   |  5 Pagesand Afro-America and the gap between the living and the dead and the gap between the past and the present does not exist. It s bridged for us by our assuming responsibility for people no one s ever assumed responsibility for. Slavery may be buried within the history books in our libraries, but America itself is not free because it is still afraid of reading about slavery and shies away from the topic. Contemporary readers have a responsibility to take the leading role in remembering history of AmericanRead MoreColonial American Slavery Essay examples1458 Words   |  6 PagesThe study of slavery in the development of early America is an extremely complex, yet vitally important part of Americ an History. There are hundreds of thousands of documents, debates, and historical studies available today. According to Ms. Goetz, the assistant professor of history at Rice University, who states, in The Southern Journal of History, that in addition to geographic and chronological diversity in the America’s, assessment of experiences of colonial slaves is extremely complex, â€Å"especiallyRead MoreThe End Of Chattel Slavery Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesLooking back in history, you will find that slavery was always present. There are accounts of slavery in Babylon, Greece, and Rome, all occurring before the Common Era; but there was a major change during the year 1619 in the way slavery was implemented. This form of slavery was known as chattel slavery. Defined as â€Å"A civil relationship in which one person has absolute power over the life, fortune, and liberty of another† (Legal-dictionary.com), chattel slavery targeted African slaves that were broughtRead M oreThe Challenges African Americans Faced in America963 Words   |  4 PagesFaced In America Raymon Rice ETH125 March 11, 2012 The Challenges African Americans Faced In America African Americans had a turbulent history in the United States ever since they were brought to the country as slaves. â€Å"Slavery in America began when the first African slaves were brought to the North American colony of Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619, to aid in the production of such lucrative crops as tobacco. (Slavery in America, 2012) During the 17th and 18th centuries, slavery was practiced

The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian Essay

This book, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part Time Indian by Sherman Alexie, is about a boy called Arnold Spirit aka Junior. He is a Native American that lives in an Indian Reservation. He isnt really satisfied with his life, since hes pretty poor, but he gets along. He doesnt really accept himself, since he has multiple medical problems, and he has been beaten up since he was little. When he starts to gain more friends in this new (American) school, he starts to like and accept himself more than before. In this book, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part Time Indian (by Sherman Alexie), the main theme is about Arnold trying to accept himself. At first Junior didnt like himself; he was constantly beaten up (but saved by his†¦show more content†¦109), because hes an absolute stranger to Reardan, and also, Penelopes dad is racist. Still, they become close friends and start dating. He also makes friends with Roger (surprisingly), since Roger is a friend of Penelope. When Junior made the basketball team, they become closer. Roger even gave Junior a ride home after a basketball game. Arnold also becomes a friend of a geek, Gordy. They were both outcasts, and they understood how it felt to not fit in. After making all these friends, he feels that he is starting to fit in with the white people. Even after hanging out with a bunch of the American people, Arnold still feels attached to his own heritage. He loves his family and his best friend, Rowdy, and he feels that he needs to make amends with Rowdy. He was really scared that Rowdy would hate him and Junior would need to leave his old Indian self. Later he fixed his problems while playing one-on-one (basketball) for hours... (pg. 230) and they didnt keep score (pg. 230). Also, Junior cares about his family a lot. When two of them died in a row (his grandmother and sister), he didnt know what to do without them. He also thinks that Indians are forgiving of any kind of eccentricity (until the Americans came). Gay people were seen as magical, too...Gay people could do anything. They were like Swiss army knives! (pg. 155). He is pretty accepting of his heritage. He knows that he is Indian going to a whiteShow MoreRelatedThe Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian Essay1131 Words   |  5 Pagesof life, and making sense of one’s self and identity becomes a priority. Sherman Alexie’s The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian addresses the challenges of adolescence in an engaging tale, but deals with minority communities and cultures as well. Establishing an identity has been called one of the most important milestones of adolescent development (Ruffin, 2009). Additionally, a central part of identity development includes ethnic identity (ACT for Youth, 2002). While some teens searchRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian Essay795 Words   |  4 PagesIt All Goes Down Wellpinit and Reardan, WA The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian features two main settings, the Pacific Northwest towns of Wellpinit and Reardan. These contrasting locations – one an impoverished Indian reservation and the other an affluent white community – become very important to the ever-shifting identity of our narrator, Arnold Spirit, Jr. Wellpinit, WA First, theres Wellpinit, the home of the Spokane Indian Reservation where Arnold lives with his mother, fatherRead MoreAbsolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian Analysis Essay1292 Words   |  6 PagesShort Answer Questions Leslie Silko has said that If we Indians do not represent our communities as we see them, then others ...will concoct fantasies that pass for the truth. What truths does Alexie represent in his novel about Indian communities? The audience discovers there are many truths between the ‘Indian communities’ that Sherman Alexie describes in his novel. One truth is the fact that in American Indian communities, inhabitants feel a loss of culture due to the mainstream items thatRead MoreThe House On Mango Street And The Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian Essay1168 Words   |  5 Pagesstill making them relatable to the audience. They can recognize the common conflicts within the readers and incorporate them into their main characters in a unique way. The main characters from The House On Mango Street and The Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian have common internal and external conflicts throughout the story that are relatable to the expected audience. Their physical differences are factors that cause individual problems, but also help to contribute to the connection betweenRead MoreAnalysis Of Sherman Alexies The Absolutely True Diary Of A Part-Time Indian1175 Words   |  5 Pages The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, reveals one of life’s most relevant purposes that stretches across cultural and relates to every person. The novel examines the life of the strong-willed Arnold also known as Junior who goes constantly back and forth with his identity as he lives between Arnold and Junior. Identity is most simply defined as a persons own sense of self, their personal sense of who they are. In this essay research was gathered from the novel; The Absolutely True DiaryRead MoreThe Power Of Opportunity For Young Adults1346 Words   |  6 PagesEssay #2: The Power of Opportunity for Young Adults Author Sherman Alexie once stated that he writes to give teens â€Å"Weapons in the form of words†. He writes these words to empower the youth generation. He writes to encourage, and direct the â€Å"ever-struggling† young adult. Most of his novels, and written publications attest the idea of opportunity for teens that are battling negative environmental factors. Factors such as poverty, alcoholism, or prejudice. Alexie uses enthusiastic, and critical in-textRead MoreHow Boys Become Men Essay example933 Words   |  4 Pagesus and are willing to do anything just to resemble coolness and absolutely no tolerability of getting pushed around. It called Guy Code, a set of ruthless, unspoken rules and every guy knows one, never show fear. Men are the worst when it comes to expressing any type of physical affection and a lot of it has to do with the way men are raised as children. Junior, the main character in The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, I believe does however, conform to the explanation outlined by KatzRead MoreThe Color Purple ( Purple )998 Words   |  4 PagesIn this essay, I will be comparing The Color Purple (Purple), The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian (Indian), and Just Mercy (Mercy). I am analyzing these three books because there is a theme of brokenness. In each book, their brokenness is apart of the characters rising above the stereotypes they were set to be. Through each hardship in each book, each character finds their strength to fight back against their brokenness through support of others, their selves, and the stories of othersRead MoreThe Absolutely True Dairy Of A Part Time Indian By Sherman Alexie1557 Words   |  7 Pages Essay: The Absolutely True Dairy of a Part-Time Indian. The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian,† by Sherman Alexie is a book full of valuable life lessons and themes. The book expresses about the experiences of racism, prejudices towards other people, and living in poverty. Reading this book has taught me some valuable lessons, some of them being; Identity and self-esteem, and family relations. The book s main character is Arnold Spirit or, JuniorRead MoreAnalysis Of The Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian1044 Words   |  5 PagesThe Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian essay Mentors are people who provide support, strength, and inspiration. Many people have a mentor in their life that they aspire to be like, and seek out for guidance. Mentors play a big role in many lives, including Juniors from The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian by Sherman Alexie. Some of the biggest mentors for Junior are his parents, his Wellpinit teacher Mr. P and his Rearden basketball coach. If it werent for these mentors inspiration The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian Essay Adolescents experience a developmental journey as they transition from child to adult, and in doing so are faced with many developmental milestones. Physical, cognitive, social and emotional changes are occurring during this tumultuous stage of life, and making sense of one’s self and identity becomes a priority. Sherman Alexie’s The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian addresses the challenges of adolescence in an engaging tale, but deals with minority communities and cultures as well. Establishing an identity has been called one of the most important milestones of adolescent development (Ruffin, 2009). Additionally, a central part of identity development includes ethnic identity (ACT for Youth, 2002). While some teens search†¦show more content†¦Not only is Junior unpopular and alienated, but the victim of taunts and bullying as well. Furthermore, he’s considered a traitor after he transfers to Reardon. At Reardon, he’s called names and endures racial jokes until he finally finds acceptance through basketball and surprisingly finds friends with similar interests. Ultimately, Junior comes to the â€Å"huge realization† that not only does he belong to the Spokane Indian tribe, but to no less than 13 additional groups (Basketball players, cartoonists, bookworms, and sons to name a few). It is the first time he knows that he will be â€Å"OK†, sending a positive message to readers that identify with his struggles. By reading abo ut characters similar to themselves, young adults can see that their challenges are not unique and are shared by other adolescents (Bucher Hinton, 2009) Junior’s discovery of identity and place within his world is a predominant theme in the novel and one with which teens can relate; however, several other young adult characteristics and developmental issues are addressed as well. Junior and his peers are experiencing a time of rapid physical, hormonal and cognitive development as are the most likely readers of the book. Like many adolescent girls, Penelope is concerned with her body appearance and popularity. She is a bulimic attempting to keep up her â€Å"pretty and smart and popular† (108) image. Junior is concerned with appearances in a more internal way - hiding hisShow MoreRelatedThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian1296 Words   |  6 PagesIn Sherman Alexie’s The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian (2007) a teenage boy named Junior, explains his struggle of breaking the cycle of his indigenous people and moving between an Indian American reservation (the ‘rez’) and a mains tream school in a town called Reardon. The protagonist explains, through first-person accounts, his life on the reservation and his experiences as he attempts to break the cycle of alcoholism and poverty that is imposed on him merely because he is an IndigenousRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of The Part Time Indian1932 Words   |  8 Pageslifestyles, sexual situations, violence, and inappropriate behavior for the age it s been given to. The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian is one of those books and actually almost consists of all of the reasons most books are banned. The book is actually one, if not the most, challenged book in the United States. Sherman Alexie s 2007 novel The Absolutely True Diary of the Part-Time Indian is considered a controversial novel because of it s demeaning references to alcohol, poverty, bullyingRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian2462 Words   |  10 PagesAdolescence is a time of Changes Adolescents experience a multitude of physical, cognitive, emotional, and social, and mental changes during a short span of years in their developmental journey to adulthood, and this transition period is full of many developmental changes and milestones. Some typical changes and milestones in an adolescent’s life include puberty, learning to drive, dating, developing new social relationships and social roles, cognitive changes, becoming sexually active, obtainingRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian799 Words   |  4 PagesThe Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian After reading the book The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, I got a much better understanding of what that title means. When you think of part-time you normally think of having a part-time job when you only work some days but not all the time. Well that is a lot like the life of the main character in this story. Throughout the book, Junior manages to be â€Å"half Indian† and â€Å"half white.† He says â€Å" It was like being Indian was my jobRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian2017 Words   |  9 PagesTrauma in The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian In Sherman Alexie’s novel, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, Alexie shows trauma in a realistic and believable way. He has characters experience traumatic events that stay with them and affect them for a long time, and change said characters in a significant way. He also shows characters who share a common trauma, but react differently - to the point where some characters experience trauma from a situation while others do notRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian Essay1409 Words   |  6 PagesNicolà ¡s Juà ¡rez â€Å"Each funeral was a funeral for all of us†: Notions of Race, Identity and Mortality in Sherman Alexie’s The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian The American Indian occupies a unique place in the White American imaginary. Indians, one is told, are cordial, wise, poor in the â€Å"humble poverty† sort of way, brown, there assist whites with either mystic knowledge or humorous ignorance. Figures such as Squanto, Tonto and Disney’s Pocahontas along with a large smattering of WesternsRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian1050 Words   |  5 PagesArnold/Junior Spirit is a fourteen year old Spokane Indian who lives on a small reservation in Washington state. In the book The Absolutely True Diary of a part-Time Indian, Junior leaves his reservation for a primary white school called Reardan to find hope. He struggles with friendships, family, basketball, school work and identity through the year. His experiences on and off the reservation, are constantly changing his beliefs to become less racist and more positive. For example, Junior beginsRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian126 7 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"I was born with water on the brain† (Alexie 1), Sherman Alexie starts his novel, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian. His first sentence explains it all; the main character of his book, Arnold Spirit Junior, is not an ordinary boy. Junior was born with a rare condition called Hydrocephalus; it made him prone to seizures, brain damages and to get picked on and bullied. However, the same impairment makes him a fighter. He fights off his brain surgery, seizures and the bullies. He fightsRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian Essay1869 Words   |  8 PagesIn a novel by Sherman Alexie, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, important issues are brought to light, such as poverty, racism, alienation, and more, with little to no sugar coating. It is a one of a kind novel due to the vivid descriptions and sense of humor that give a first-person perspective on the life of a teenage Indian struggling through life an d pushing past all odds in search of success. This book focuses on a small isolated reservation in Wellpinit Washington. As it bringsRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian Essay763 Words   |  4 PagesThis book, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part Time Indian by Sherman Alexie, is about a boy called Arnold Spirit aka Junior. He is a Native American that lives in an Indian Reservation. He isnt really satisfied with his life, since hes pretty poor, but he gets along. He doesnt really accept himself, since he has multiple medical problems, and he has been beaten up since he was little. When he starts to gain more friends in this new (American) school, he starts to like and accept himself more

Critical Analysis free essay sample

Graduation is an excerpt of the autobiographical book, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, written by Maya Angelou. While the book is autobiographical in nature, this particular excerpt is much discussed amongst literary circles because of Angelous use of both objective and subjective narration. [pic] Graduation is an excerpt of the autobiographical book, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, written by Maya Angelou. While the book is autobiographical in nature, this particular excerpt is much discussed amongst literary circles because of Angelous use of both objective and subjective narration. Objective narration describes the culture of Angelous local community, Stamps Arkansas. The passage depicts the entire community of Stamps preparing for, and experiencing, graduation ceremonies at the local black schools. Children are described as trembling with visible anticipation and the teachers have now become respectful of the now quiet and aging seniors. Wealthy families will buy new, custom made garments and poor families will pick out their best and ensure that the clothes are freshly scrubbed and pressed. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The passage is then intertwined with the use of subjective narration. Angelou uses the subjective form to describe her place within the Stamps community. She will be special as compared to the rest of the graduating class. While the class was wearing butter-yellow pique dresses, her Momma launched out on her dress by smok[ing] the yolk into tiny crisscrossing puckers, hirr[ing] the rest of the bodice, [and adding] a crochet cuff on puff on the sleeves, and a pointy crocheted color. Moreover, she will be graduating at nearly the top of the class. By using the subjective form, Angelou has separated herself out from the community as a whole and described her position within the community. In terms of economic class, it can be concluded that she and her family are a bit wealthier then others because they are able to afford material for a new dress and even a little bit of extravagance. Yet, her family is not among the wealthiest as they are not able to afford to have the dress custom made. In terms of intellectual ability, it is clear that she is better achieved than the majority. She stands at nearly the top of her class, beaten only by Bailey. In terms of aspirations, she clearly dreams of more than being an athlete as suggested by the White politician giving the commencement speech. Very few literary reviews seem to consider that Angelous intertwining use of the objective and subjective narrative is an elegant self-analysis of her rank and importance within Stamps. It is important to understanding oneself to be able to understand the culture of the local communitythe communitys aspirations, history, beliefs, habits, values, etc. But, then one must then be able to commit to an honest self-evaluation to determine ones own place within that community culture. In this passage, it is clear that Angelou is carrying out the communitys traditions, but she departs from the community by wearing special clothes and holding greater aspirations. That the intertwining narrative is used to conduct a self-analysis is further confirmed through Angelous reflection on her position in the class and her competitions with Bailey. Bailey is the only student to have outranked her. Angelou toys with the idea of whether she is ultimately defeated because of sure ability; or, was it a matter of greater effort and work on behalf of Bailey that lead to her ultimate defeat. The use of the intertwining narrative, however, achieves the same level of self analysis and reflection only in a more subtle form.

The Great Gatsby free essay sample

The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald seems to communicate a message about people’s failure to accomplish their dreams—Nick, Gatsby, Tom, and Daisy all have ideas for the perfect life and none of them are able to achieve them. Deeply explore one character—his/her dreams, his/her dreams, his/her attempts to accomplish those dream, his/her reasons for failure, and the message that Fitzgerald might be communicating through this failure. The pursuit of dreams is the eternal topic for human. Some fanatical pursuit of fame and wealth, and some will lay down their lives for human equality. Whatever the realm of pursuing dreams, ultimately, I think it is the pursuit of spiritual satisfaction. However, in the reality, people’s dreams are very easy to be materialized. The background of The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is exactly such a society—blindly pursuing the dreams, which are materialized, leads people get lost and finally fail for their dreams. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Gatsby or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In this novel, all the characters have their ideas for their dreams, but none of them are able to achieve them. So does Myrtle Wilson. Myrtle is an underclass married woman. Living in such a material society, Myrtle has enough of her poor life with her poor husband. She has a dream—escaping from her husband and having a luxurious life. Obviously, she fails to accomplish her dream. As an underlying social character, Myrtle cannot achieve her dream by herself. She must depend on some other upper class men, like Tom. When she pours over the story of her first meeting with Tom, she describes that, â€Å"He had on a dress suit and patent-leather shoes, and I couldn’t keep my eyes off him† (24). At the first tome Myrtle meets Tom, she falls for Tom. Or we can say, she falls for Tom’s wealthy dress up. Depending on Tom, Myrtle lives in a long white cake of apartment-houses, has parties with neighbors, dresses beautiful clothes, and has a lovely puppy. All of these tell us that her attempts to accomplish her dream by having the affair with Tom. She seems closer to her dream because of Tom, but unfortunately, she fails her dream because of Tom, too. Superficially, Myrtle fails to achieve her dream is because of she is married, and her husband does not allow her to leave him. Also, she is a shallow woman, she never cover her emotion for money. Furthermore, she is ignorant. When she requires Tom to buy her a dog, and asks is the dog a boy or a girl, Tom says, â€Å"It’s a bitch†, â€Å"Here’s your money. Go and buy ten more dogs with it† (19). What this illuminates is Tom does not respect her or love her—he just regards her as a little puppy. How can Tom to give up Daisy and their family for a little â€Å"puppy†? It seems impossible. Then we can foresee that Myrtle’s failure. Another reason is about the social class system. At that time, poor boys should not thinking of marrying rich girls, the same as poor women and rich men. For a wealthy man like Tom, it is normal for him to have mistress with any other girls or women, but no one from upper class is willing to marry a poor woman who has the lowest social status. Myrtle is so naive to realize it and fails for her dream finally. And the most important reason for Myrtle’s failure is—her dream is materialized. What she eagers most is the material life, how can her eagers other’s affection for her forever? Her affair with Tom is all about money but not love. And money is the weakest counter for achieving dreams. Myrtle’s dream is faculty false. Connecting to American Dream, once people have dreams, they think that their dreams are not difficult to be achieved through some ways. This blindly thought leads them to ignore the difficulties in the way to accomplish their dreams. For example, in Myrtle’s case, she dislikes her husband and wants to escape from him and their poor marriage life. When she meets Tom and tastes the material life, her desires gradually expand. These desires make her neglect the barrier between the poor and the wealth—the difficulty which can prevent her to achieve her dream. Fitzgerald wants to throw cold water on many people who go overboard for the American Dreams. Actually, American Dreams is not what Fitzgerald wants to criticize. He wants to criticize the villainous American Dreams—metamorphic to pursue of money or pursue of profligate enjoyment by hook or by crook. No other than to pursuing this materialized and villainous dreams make people trap within a false status—pursuing success built by money and fame, but the mind of life is empty. Prosperous appearance covers the hollow and false of the society. All in all, pursuing all about material can never give people the deep sense of satisfaction. It can only expand people’s desires and make people get lost. Then regarding the pursuit of material is their only dreams and forgetting what they really need is morality. Finally they will have a more hopeless ending. The Great Gatsby free essay sample Both Fitzgerald and Gatsby vowed early in life to be successful and prosperous. The underlining symbolism in The Great Gatsby is well presented and can be analyzed through deeper literal examination of quotes such as (pg. 16) I didnt call to him, for he gave a sudden intimation that he was content to be alone he stretched out his arms towards the dark water in a curious way, and, far as I was from him, I could have sworn he was trembling. Involuntarily I glanced seaward and distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock. When I looked once more for Gatsby he had vanished, and I was alone again in the unquiet darkness. This chapter therefore comes to an end with the symbol of the green light that is mysterious. The readers first knowledge of the green light is depicted when Gatsby tries to reach out towards it, like he is worshipping it. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Gatsby or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As we progress, we discover that the green light is at the end of Daisys dock and is a symbol of Gatsby dream and hope for the future. On page 115, Fitzgerald proceeds to compare Gatsby green light to the green beast of the world. This demonstrates that even though Daisy is a symbol of power and wealth, there are underlying evil aspects that surround the beauty and comfort and envisaged by Gatsby. The word time appears 450 times in the novel either by itself or in a compound word. Fitzgerald obviously wanted to emphasize the importance of time to the overall design of the book. Time is most important to Gatsbys character. Gatsbys relationship with time is a major aspect to the plot. He wants to erase five years from not only his own life but also Daisys. Gatsbys response to Nick, telling him that he can repeat the past, is symbolic of the tragic irony that is behind Gatsbys fate. Gatsby exclaims (pg. 116), Cant repeat the past? Why of course you can! Gatsby cannot accept Daisy until she erases the last three years of her life by telling Tom that she never loved him to his face. Gatsby fully believes what he says and thinks or desperately hopes, that is true about Daisy. At one part of the story he actually tells Nick how, as soon as Tom is out of the picture, he and Daisy were going to go to Memphis so they could get married at her white house just like it were five years before hand. In another scene, when Gatsby and Nick go to the Buchanan’s for lunch towards the end of the book, Gatsby sees Daisys and Toms child for the first time. Nick describes Gatsbys expression as a natural surprise and suggests that Gatsby probably never before believed in the girls existence. Gatsby is so caught up in his dream that he becomes vulnerable to the worlds brutal reality. Daisy like so is characterized as a symbol of wealth and power; Fitzgerald distinctively creates a time symbolism in the scene when Daisy and Gatsby meet for the first time in five years. As Nick enters the room where Daisy and Gatsby have just met, Gatsby is leaning nervously against the mantelpiece while resting his head upon the clock on the mantle. At an awkward pause in the conversation, the clock starts to tip as if to fall off the mantle. Gatsby dramatically catches the clock before it falls and all three characters are speechless, stricken with a strange awe of the precious clock. Nick, narrates, I think we all believed for a moment that it had smashed in pieces on the floor. The clock was symbolizing time and Gatsbys head resting on it was all the pressure that Gatsby was putting on time. Time could not support the demands that Gatsby was making. Gatsby gingerly catching the clock and his resultant apology symbolizes the sensitivity of his plan and how necessarily delicate his methods were. The main theme of Scott F. Fitzgeralds book The Great Gatsby is the demonstration of how Americas culture of material wealth and sophistication desire has gone beyond the complete search for comfort in life to levels of worship. This ends up in harmful consequences outlined by the flaws in life. Fitzgerald used not only himself but also people he met and knew. Fitzgerald’s message in writing The Great Gatsby was the life of the â€Å"Jazz Age†. And the book tells about riches and glamour, as well as the materialism and the lack of morality of the Jazz Age. The Great Gatsby free essay sample Compares characters of Jay Gatsby Nick Carraway, focusing on their self-delusion, arrogance romanticism. (more) The Great Gatsby free essay sample The valley of ashes is bounded on one side by a small foul river, and when the drawbridge is up to let barges through, the passengers waiting trains can stare at the dismal scene for as long as half an hour. There is always a halt there of at least a minute and it was because of this that I first met Tom Buchanan mistress. While people are waiting for the train, between West Egg and New York they are surrounded in a place where Fitzgerald names the valley of ashes. The opening chapter of the Great Gatsby details the rich and American values. The second heaper Is where the valley of ashes Is Introduced. Fitzgerald portrays this landscape In such specific words that helps the reader capture the ambiance of the plot. The valley of ashes influences the reader to feel Like It Is a metaphor for the world today, some people can be stuck In this world but feel nothing. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Gatsby or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page All the glitz and glamour can surround you , however, you may still be able to feel dead Inside.The word choice In this paragraph Is very significant and It Is Important to analyze each word, which all emphasize the desolation of the landscape and society. The first four words of the arcograph caught my attention right away. This is the first time Fitzgerald introduces the valley of ashes. A question that came to mind when name the valley of ashes was introduced, why did he choose those specific words to describe the place? Why is it so significant if they are just ashes. Also why ashes?Whose and what were they once? These questions really made me wonder as to what deeper story is there to the valley of ashes. Fitzgerald goes into depth describing the place but not how it got its name of valley of ashes. In addition, the name of the valley of ashes is a foreknowing for Myrtles death that takes place there later on in the story. Myrtle dies in the valley of ashes. She gets ran over by daisy driving the car in such a horrifying way because her body was ripped apart and she died in such pain. This makes a lot of since as to how she died that way because the valley of ashes is all dark, dusty, and gloomy so I was expecting a tragic way of her death due to where she was while it took place. In addition, the next few words the small foul river really caught my eye, considering that foul is a very strong word and gives me a negative vibe made me feel as if the deader would get negative vibes if the reader were there by themselves Furthermore, when I think of the word river I picture a beautiful long lasting, peaceful, calm, and full of life.Whenever someone thinks of a river the first thought to mind Is not usually a foul river. Rivers are usually a source of beauty in poetry. Foul also suggests a lack of life whereas rivers are usually portrayed as opposite. When reading this paragraph the read might feel as If Fitzgerald chose the right word to describe the river that would be in the valley of ashes; this phrase Is what really made me picture he valley of ashes as a very d irty and dark place. The term foul may suggest how no one lives In the valley of ashes and barley any people stop there. Furthermore, when Fitzgerald mentions the drawbridge and the train he tries to use this to show the reader old vs.. New. The only middle ground Is nothingness, emphasizing the desolation of the landscape. The word dismal Is a very strange word to connect with the paragraph because It made me wonder what kind of people would Walt and look at this stop? And when they stopped and looked how would it change their outlook? ND wondering having so many questions, how come it is in between two lively cities and the middle is so dead? Why is the train stopping here?The next phrase that jumped out to me was at least a minute. If it were not for that one-minute he wouldnt have even known her and she would have meant nothing. This showed me that nick had a lack of value for the human life; he mentions Toms mistress as if no importance to his life. In addition, the last three words Tom Buchanan mistress takes the reader back to where Fitzgerald was foreknowing at the beginning of the novel. The placement of these two words in relation of to the beginning of the book may foreshadow the events to come.Perhaps the decadence in the time period reflects how people were trying to ignore the past of WWW. As WWW starts off society begins to realize all the glamour is coming to an end. Fitzgerald asserts that ashes represent something already burned, which may symbolize WWW. The people stuck at the train station may insinuate that society is still stuck in the desolated mind set. This shows that society might not be ready for what is to come due to their avoidance of the past lessons and inability to learn from their mistakes. The Great Gatsby free essay sample The American dream has increasingly focused on materialistic items as a sign of attaining success. In The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby is a self-made man who started out with no money only planned for achieving his dream. He is so blinded by his luxurious possessions that he does not see that money cannot buy love or happiness. Fitzgerald demonstrates how a dream can become corrupted by one’s focus on acquiring wealth, power, and expensive things. Gatsby’s dream can be said to be a naive dream based on the mistaken belief that material possessions are identical with happiness, harmony, and beauty. His American dream has become rather corrupted by the background of wealth that surrounds him in his everyday life. His romantic view of wealth has not prepared him for the self-interested, snobbish, corrupt group of people that also surround him. He throws lavish parties for countless people, yet he has no real friends. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Gatsby or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Gatsby buys expensive things and entertains large groups of society because of his inexpressible desire for something greater. Nick Carraway realizes that although Gatsby is involved in underhanded business dealings, he is a good man at heart. The last time Nick sees Gatsby alive, he tells him, â€Å"They’re a rotten crowd. You’re worth the whole damn bunch put together† (Fitzgerald 162). Gatsby’s romantic view of life may partly be to blame for his inability to achieve his dream. Although he has made his fortune through conducting suspicious business deals, his heart seems untouched by the honest evil that is around him. He has lived not for himself, but for his dream, instead. His vision of the good life inspired by the beauty of a lovely rich girl is what mainly steers him into the wrong aspect of reality. Gatsby’s inspiration comes from the beautiful Daisy Buchanan, whom he knew when he was in the military. Daisy’s parents considered Gatsby to be an unsuitable match, because he did not come from a good background and had little money. Nick Carraway, the narrator, sees Daisy as the golden girl, the typical rich beauty. Daisy can be seen as the symbol of all that Gatsby strives for; her voice is full of money, as Gatsby describes it. Her voice was â€Å"full of money—that was the inexhaustible charm that rose and fell in it, the jingle of it, the cymbals’ song in it† (Fitzgerald 127). Gatsby became so captivated by her voice that he based all of his actions on winning Daisy over, kind of like being a prize to be won or a reward to be earned. However, Gatsby is too late to realize that money is the only thing her voice promises. There is no compassion in Daisy, just as there is none in cold, hard cash. Daisy is careless with people’s lives; she lets Gatsby take the blame for her unintentional manslaughter of Myrtle Wilson. Her careless actions eventually result in Gatsby’s death, of which she shows no concern. She commits adultery, but she had no real intentions of leaving her husband. After she learns of Gatsby’s shady background, she quickly runs back into the arms of her equally self-absorbed, corrupt husband. The Buchanans live in the wealthy and highly exclusive East Egg of Long Island, which is the location that Gatsby probably desires. The green light at the end of the Buchanans’ dock symbolizes Gatsby’s yearning for wealth and power, and it also embodies Daisy as the object? of Gatsby’s desire. An obvious interpretation of the light is that the green represents money. The green color can also represent envy, the â€Å"green- eyed monster† because Gatsby longs to be a part of the East Egg society. The fact that the green light can be seen across the bay, â€Å"minute and far away† from Gatsby’s mansion, symbolizes that Daisy or wealth is out of his reach, even though he can still see a glimpse of it. Daisy and Tom’s marriage is further proof of the collapse of the American dream. Although they belong to the snobbish West Egg social group and have extreme wealth, they are unhappy. Tom is first described as â€Å"one of those men who reach such an acute limited excellence at twenty-one that everything afterwards savors of anti-climax† (Fitzgerald 11). Tom and Daisy are both in unsatisfied with life and are searching for something better. They have traveled to France and drifted â€Å"here and there unrestfully wherever people were rich and played polo together† (Fitzgerald 11). They are unhappy and bored with life. Tom seems to be searching for the excitement that he found in playing football in college, and he finds an outlet for his dissatisfaction by cheating on his wife with Myrtle. Once again, Gatsby does not see that attaining wealth and power does not equal happiness. The Buchanans’ marriage is full of lies and infidelities, yet they are united through their corruption. After Tom has discovered Daisy’s infidelity and Myrtle has been killed, their callous selfishness is revealed when they are reunited over fried chicken and two bottles of ale. After Myrtle and Gatsby are both killed, neither one of the Buchanans sends their regards or seem remorseful. In fact, they go on a short vacation, which is an indication of the lack of compassion they have toward others. Nick perceives Tom and Daisy as they really are, heartless and careless. They smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made† (Fitzgerald 188). Tom and Daisy’s actions are an indication of the detrimental and emotionally numbing effects that wealth can have on someone. They focus too much on appearance and things of m onetary value, while ignoring people’s feelings and lives. Jordan Baker’s plans are also negatively impacted by the corruptive qualities of wealth. Although Nick is attracted to Jordan’s bored, jaunty, careless air at first, he finally understands that it conveys her profound disregard for other people’s feelings. Jordan supports Daisy having an affair, because â€Å"Daisy ought to have something in her life† (Fitzgerald 85). She sees Gatsby as something, not someone. Jordan also has a reputation for being dishonest and for being a gossip. She was involved in a golf tournament scandal in which she was accused of moving her golf ball to her advantage. Jordan belongs to the elitist East Egg social group because of her careless, dishonest ways. She serves as a hint as to the true nature of the people from East Egg. Jordan may also be an indication of the? types of people that Gatsby entertains, since she attends his parties. She is similar to many of his partygoers in that she exploits his hospitality yet never shows any genuine kindness toward him. Nick is a typical attendee of Gatsby’s parties, because he is the only one who shows compassion for Gatsby. Nick knows the truth about Gatsby, his humble background, his dishonest business dealings, and his aspirations for success. Nevertheless, Nick recognizes that although Gatsby has become absorbed in a world of materialism and corruption, he is still a good man. Perhaps because he and Gatsby both come from the Midwest, they do not truly belong with the shallow company of East Egg and West Egg. On the surface, Fitzgerald’s novel may appear to be just a shallow novel about the jazz, parties, and glitz that he experienced in the early twentieth century. After closer examination, however, it is apparent that The Great Gatsby is a profound social commentary on the corrupt materialism that can have on members of society. The have-nots yearn to be like the haves, yet those who already have wealth and status are unhappy and dissatisfied with their lives. On the whole, the superior group in the novel displays characteristics of being bored, disenchanted, and unmotivated. For example, the Buchanans drift from one place to the next, with no real plan or goal in mind. Jordan Baker has a constant bored, unaffected look upon her face. Gatsby has devoted his life to belonging to this exclusive group, but it becomes obvious that he never will belong because of his disreputable background. Also, Gatsby’s romantic idealism does not fit in with this group; no matter how far up the social ladder he climbed, he would never really fit in. The great irony seems to be that the people who have the means, monetary or socially, to grasp their dreams do not have the motivation or the will. Gatsby is surrounded by this materialism and discontent, which serves to tarnish his dream of success. His rags-to- riches dream turns into a dark nightmare that leads to his untimely downfall. His romantic idealism has not prepared him for the corrupt world in which he enters. Gatsby is surrounded by proof of the unhappiness that â€Å"success† can bring, as seen especially through Tom and Daisy. Their marriage is full of lies and deceit, and they are both searching for something greater than what they already have. Gatsby is so blinded by his dream that he does not see that money cannot buy love or happiness. Fitzgerald effectively offers a powerful critique of a materialistic society and the effects it can have on one’s hopes and dreams.

Coleman Hoffer Essays

Coleman Hoffer Essays Coleman Hoffer Essay Coleman Hoffer Essay Through the years, parent involvement in child education has been seen as a significant factor in the learning process. Intuitively, one cannot deny the natural bond that usually exists between parent and child. The effects of parent involvement in their children’s education through this bond have been well documented in various studies. To mention a few, Coleman Hoffer (1987) conducted a comparative study on the reading and mathematics proficiencies between two groups in the New York education system and found that the superior performance of one group over the other can be attributed to greater concern coming from the parents or guardians of students in that superior group regarding their home works, projects, and examination results.Collins et al. (1982) in a previous study also proved that parent involvement programs integrated into the public school system could actually improve student achievement, reduce absenteeism, and improve student behavior inside the classroom. A ll of this points to the immutable role of the parent in the studies of their children. Positive parental attitude towards their child’s education has been proven to motivate the child to learn.This underscores the responsibility of the institution and subsequently of classroom teachers themselves to provide avenues for parental involvement in student learning. In my opinion, the primary measure that should be taken toward this goal is an improvement on teacher-to-parent transparency. Teachers should provide ways for parents to know how their children are progressing in each subject matter.Previous means that were put forward for this purpose required students to have their parents sign previously assessed and returned home works or examinations. However, this method is tokenistic at best. It and others similar to it are easily bypassed and are insensitive to today’s advanced times. Teachers should find better ways to reach parents and this can be done through modern m eans such as the internet. By collecting parents’ email information, a teacher can simply send assessment results on a regular basis online through one of the most widely used communications media available. Coupled with an extensive information drive about such a new innovation, parents would be made aware of their children’s learning progress which in turn would give them the necessary foresight to influence their children whenever necessary.

Hombres Necios by Sor Juana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Hombres Necios by Sor Juana - Essay Example However, Sor Juana argues that these faults are caused by men themselves. This is seen in the first stanza of the poem where she argues that men wrongly accuse women forgetting that they are the ones to blame for the emergent faults. During the writing of the poem in the seventeenth century, gender equality was a main issue though it was hardly spoken about. Nonetheless, the poem gives a reflection of the scenario during this period while simultaneously condemning men’s actions against women. For example, the poem uses a relationship approach to show the inequality and atrocities committed to women. In every step of the relationship from courtship to the course of the relationship, men always strive to win and do not take responsibility for any fault at all but rather blame women. Generally, although Sor Juana argues for women, she does use the term ‘we’ in the entire poem. Additionally, the poem is arguably easy to understand owing to the short stanzas, four lines each, and the recurrence of the message. Although Sor Juana was from Mexico, the poem gives a reflection of the general societal setting in Latin America. During this period women’s voice and contributions to the society were limited with only two opportunities as either housewives or nuns. Although nuns enjoyed some privileges such as learning, they were still held back by the limitations imposed on women. As such, Sor Juana’s poem critiquing men was a bold move from a woman making her one of the first pioneers of feminism. Considering the odds against women, it is only logical to ask what motivated her. Did other women approve of her ways? More importantly, did her efforts bear any fruits? Additionally, the poem is relatable to the modern society where issues revolving around gender equality are still imminent. Gender inequality is not only an issue in Latin America but rather a global

Effective Communication Skills in Healthcare Coursework

Effective Communication Skills in Healthcare - Coursework Example Patients often feel frustrated because their doctors do not apply patient-oriented communication skills which result into negative outcomes on the delivery of actual medical advice. Patients also complain of lack of important attributes of their physicians, such as empathy and kindness, which can lead to a communication gap between the two sides of the communication process (Hassali, Shafie, & Khan, 2012). It has been reported that patients’ concern on communication behaviour has positive outcomes in their level of satisfaction, and this kind of patients tend to be more submissive to treatment. On the negative side of it, poor communication skills on the part of the healthcare provider results in unsatisfied patients that reflects in the quality of the treatment and compliance to drug therapy (Lochman, 1983 as cited in Hassali, Shafie, & Khan, 2012). There are also reports that the lack of correct information results into inefficient health care, the inability of doctors and healthcare professionals to provide patients’ needs, and absence of respect and dignity of patients. On the other hand, health professionals also reported lack of skills in having good relationship with patients. According to NÃ ¸rgaard et al. (2012), healthcare providers should have positive relationships with each other, particularly in providing respect and appreciation to their peers so that they can provide respect and positive relationships with patients. There are problems that hamper the ideal patient-physician communication. Sometimes the healthcare providers have a busy schedule and need to treat many patients.

Selecting Right Partner In Forming International Joint Ventures Management Essay

Selecting Right Partner In Forming International Joint Ventures Management Essay Over the past twenty years, there has been a surge of interest of companies coming together, many of which were reflected in the popular management press and the academic journals of corporate links being formed. Many organisation now uses strategic relationship rather than competition among themselves to grow their business. These are formed for a variety of reasons, which include new technology development, expansion to new domestic market, reducing manufacturing cost, new product development, ability to increase profit margin, financial support and sharing of economics risk, overcome legal and trade barriers and many more. These are some of the reasons why collaboration sometimes called partnering, alliances or joint venture among many terms are formed. Joint venture is one of the most popular forms of strategic relationship and it utilises separate business entities like cooperation, limited liability company or partnership, this entity makes the involved parties to limit the lia bilities involved. In recent years global challenges has fostered many companies from many countries to go into international joint venture more stronger than in the past, manufacturing companies, oil and gas companies, construction companies, banking sectors, automobile companies and many more are forming the international joint ventures. Objectives As partner selection is considered to be very important to have a successful collaboration, this module will be focusing on selecting the right partner in forming an international joint ventures. The answers will be focusing on the literature on how to select a good and successful partner when forming a joint venture. Also the following factors will be considered in forming a successful collaboration: The main characteristics to look for in a good collaborative partner, selection criteria and the strategic, political and tactical implications. The factors thats determines the good partners match in collaboration. And what the two companies going into collaboration can do to create good partnership condition. Literature review introduction As it was started in the objectives in the previous chapter, this report will be discussing various factors that are needed to be highly considered in selecting a partner when forming international joint venture, but before going further below are the definitions of some common terms of collaboration. Some Basic Definitions Collaboration Different companies go into collaboration with different reasons, and the reason why many companies go into collaboration is to try and gain competitive advantage, entering new market and many more. Collaboration accomplish shared vision, achieve positive outcomes for the audience involved and it also build interdependent system to address issues and opportunities. It is a world in which almost anything, in principle, is possible since you are not limited by your own resources and expertise only but by tapping into resources and expertise of others. ( Huxham and Vangen, 2005). Members of the collaborations needs to be ready and willing to share their vision, mission, power, goals and resources to achieve success. Also Collaboration is the act of working together to create or produce something for mutual benefit. (Oxford Advanced Learner Dictionary, 2001). http://ayanthianandagoda.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/collaboration.jpg Fig 1 collaboration Source : http://ayanthianandagoda.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/collaboration.jpg Joint ventures There are many different definition for joint ventures, as experts opinions differ significantly. A joint venture is a strategic alliance formed by two or more parties usually in businesses, partner together to share markets, assets, intellectual property, knowledge and profit. (Valerie, 2006). Stephen et al.(1993) consider joint venture as a form of collaboration. He later defined it as a distinct business entirely created and jointly owned by two or more parent organisations. Robert L .Wallace ( 2004,) defined joint venture as the coming together of two or more independent businesses in which both of them have sole purpose of achieving a specific outcome that might be difficult for each of them to achieve individually. http://www.internationaltradelaw.org/images/partnership.jpg Fig 2 joint venture . Source : http://www.internationaltradelaw.org/images/partnership.jpg International joint ventures When joint ventures crosses across the border, it becomes international joint ventures. International joint venture is defined as the joint ventures that involve firms coming together from different countries cooperating across national and cultural boundaries. ( Aimin and Yadong, 2001). At times, international joint ventures are formed by two companies in the same country but located in a country other than their parent countries. (Geringer and Hebert 1989). Though majority involve two parent firms, one from foreign and the second one a local company. Also it may involve partners with complex nationality and cultural background. For example, Xerox Shenzhen company formed from Xerox (china) and fuji Xerox (US-Japanese joint venture in Japan.). International Joint Venture Fig 3. International joint venture Source : http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:shC_GkI4UDgeCM:http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3504/3841640658_367ae3ab0d.jpg Merger and Acquisition There is a big difference between merger and acquisition, they should not be mistaken to be the same. Merger is when two companies come together to form a new company while acquisition is when one company purchase another company. Fig 4 merger and acquisition source : class module Motives of collaboration According to Ian Hewitt (2005), A company should not just go into collaboration just because other companies does, in fact different companies go into collaboration for different reasons. Below are few of the reasons why many companies does Increasing competitive pressure : competitors or rivalries in the market is one of the major reasons that force some companies into joint venture. Sharing cost and risk : one of the main reasons for joint venture is cost saving and risk sharing. It helps to achieve synergy through rationalizing of employment and other fixed cost, and it also research and development project like pharmaceutical, electronics, aero-engine, telecommunication and so on. Joint ventures are frequently used in capital intensive project like power stations or infrastructural projects Entering new markets : partnering with another company already established in a particular market also helps in entering new and emergence market effectively and it also helps in marketing an existing products and service to new customers. Total-quality-management. Do more with less : it brings about a quality management into business and help in achieving the companies objectives in less time. Access to new technology, technology know how and customers : joint venture helps to gain access to and to learn from partners technology , experience and skills as there is a rapid change in technology advancement day by day. Improve access to financial resources : coming together of the two companies improves the financial resources. Expand customer base : international joint venture also help to expand customer base in by making use of partners strength in different geographical area and both develop a wide network. Developing new products : a company can go into joint venture to provide new products or service to their current customers or new customer. Since it is joint venture, the companies can develop a new products to sell to their customers. In this new wave of technology, you cannot do it all yourself, you have to form alliances. Carlos Slim Helu. The Benefits and Risks Having considered few of the reasons why companies go into collaboration, it may sound interesting that collaboration is everything but an extreme care need to be taken when choosing the collaboration partner. Collaboration is good (when the right partner is selected) and it is bad (wrong partner). Before going into details of selection criteria in choosing a partner, below are the types, benefit and Risks associated with collaboration. Benefits Increased financial resources and stability : it allows the partners to contribute financially to the project in an appropriate ways to the joint operation and it increases the financial stability of the business. Improve buying power and economies of scale : it gives cost advantages and better purchasing power to increase the volume of business. Expansion to new market : forming joint ventures can help in capturing a new market. Share R D, engineering, production costs : joint venture helps when a company is trying to enter a new field of business, by forming joint venture with a company already established in the business, it makes it easier to enter into the market. Examples include research institute and national government level. Shorten lead time : collaboration shorten lead times and it makes it possible to achieve more in less time. Risks Loose overall control or desire for control : if it is not well managed, the stronger partner becomes a dominant and this can undermine the interest of the other partner and it may eventually leads to termination. Cultural issue : the partners must understand each others culture very well by doing an intensive research. Competent team that can negotiate in with people of different culture should be assigned to manage. Foreign exchange risk : in joint venture, high volatility in the foreign exchange market, the movements of Dollars, Yen, Pounds, Rupee, Franc and many more cannot be predicted, and even due to this in the oil transaction, it is generally accepted in the western world to trade in US dollars. Communication and translation problems : multinational project can become more complex if there is communication problem, and it is even better to have a translator or even two translators. Loose identity : individual company can lose their identity and they may end up in forming a new name and old customers loyalty may be lost, though if the partnership is well managed it will create new customer loyalty. Partners failure : if the partner failed to deliver, this mat cause a serious consequence or termination to the contract while the objectives have not been meant. Types of collaboration There are many ways in which collaboration can be formed, depending on the common objectives of the companies involved. Collaboration can be grouped into two namely : those defining the structure of the relationship and those defining the technical or commercial purpose of the relationship. Below are few types of collaboration that can be formed. Purpose Research Collaboration : which is most effective in scientific research and high technology new products. Joint Design and Development : involves two or more companies coming together to share the risk of developing a new product and this often leads to joint or parallel production. Joint Production : when two companies agree to produce separate sub-assemblies of the final product and this can leads to joint venture company. Parallel Production : when same and similar product is manufacture in two or more countries and one partner leads the development of manufacturing facilities. Licensing : formal agreement between two companies where primary company allow to use it design or know-how, or to manufacture a product and it involves payment of royalty fees. It may be of two types namely ;licensing in and licensing out, or both . Franchising : this involves third party to market proprietary products or services under the original suppliers brand name e.g. stores and supermarkets, fast food outlets, petrol stations, etc. Structure Informal and Gentlemans Agreements : this can be word of mouth agreement usually between partners of common interest and trust is essential. It can be a starting point for formal arrangement. Strategic Alliances : Michael and Srinivasa 1995) said it can be defined by simultaneously possessing the following three necessary characteristics; Two or more firm that unite to pursue a set of goals already agreed upon Partner firms share the benefits of the alliance and control over the performance of the assigned task Both contributes on a continuous basis in one or more strategic areas, e.g technology and product. It has no legal form, it is a relationship formed between two or more companies that share (proprietary), participate in joint investments, and develop link and processes to improve their performance of their companies. (http://www.apics.org/.). It can lead to creation of joint venture company. Strategic partnership : is a form of strategic alliance in which the partners are linked by a non-controlling level of shareholding, either bilateral or unilateral. (W.J.Bacchus 2005) Joint venture companies : this is an independent business entity, it involves ownership, operational responsibility and financial risk and reward. As it was started in the objectives in the previous chapter, this report will be focusing on joint venture companies. How to select a compatible Partner Companies that are more thorough and comparative in selecting international joint venture partners are more likely to be successful. When there is a need for joint venture, choosing the right partner is another important factor. Only few companies today believe they can achieve their goals and objectives on their own but by seeking partnership with another company to stay ahead in todays global economy, So due to this, there has been an high increase in the numbers of companies coming together around the globe . When a company is going into a joint venture, collaboration strategy need to be established. Furthermore in this report, it should be noted that a company in question will be represented by Company A and other companies that are available to choose from will be represented by Potential partner A,B,Cà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The company A planning and operational stages can be established as : 1st stage 2nd stage 3rd stage Fig 5. Planning stages Company strategic planning For any company going into collaboration, internal check is the first thing to consider. Internal check allows company A to analyse its performance so far in the competitive market, the knowledge and skills, financial stability and status, government policy, benefit and risks associated with joint venture, and most importantly their objectives of going into collaboration. To properly analyse these factors, S.W.O.T analysis can be used as follows : SWOT Analysis S- Strength What makes company A to remain strong in the market, backbone of its performance so far and this is part of what will attract a partner to go into joint venture with company A. W- Weaknesses Where they have been lagging behind, and affecting the company performance, it may be new technology innovation, lacks of skills or experience staff, inadequate training, breaking into new market and many more. O- Opportunities Opportunities can be to how strong company A is where it operates, reliability, wide network of customers, government connection, fast developing market, regional growth, license, market expansion and many more. T- Threats The treats can be government policy, competitors, Intellectual property right, fakes or fraud copies etc Table 1. S.W.O.T analyses of Company A After the S.W.O.T analysis of company A, having clearly analysed the needs and the objectives of the company, then a decision can then be made on types of strategy that will be best suited for them, either growing internally to combat the threats and weaknesses analysed while making best out of their opportunities and strength ,or by sourcing for a potential partner that they both have common objectives, and make sure the SWOT analyses of the two companies complement each other. The company As decision can be to grow internally or to seek a potential partner of product or project relatedness. à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Fig 6. (Source : Class Module) Growth of Company A At this stage, company A should be clear of the strategy best suited for them, and to assume that collaboration is the best. Then what type of collaboration and with what type of partner. How to maximise the benefit of collaborations and how to mitigate the risks should also be noted. Initial Assessments of the Potential Partners Having decided to go for collaboration (international joint venture), Initial assessment of the potential partners is very essential at this stage before going into details or make any commitment to avoid some of the risks attached to forming a joint venture, which is money and time wasting. In doing this, the following factors need to be considered : Objectives : the objectives of the two companies should be common and complement each other. Backgrounds : knowing about the companies background is important, knowing about their past, present and future intention records. Reputation : integrity of the company going into business with is important as people tend to judge you by the company you keep. Check what people say about them in terms of trust and reputation and also the success of collaboration they have had in the past if there is any. There should be a clear indication that trust can be build inside the relationship. Reliability : the company must be reliable to trade with. Experience : also it should be checked if they have had any collaboration experience in the past, then what was the outcome of it, if it was a success or failure, What type of management team do they work? Capital : they must be financially secured and they do not have credit problems and free from debt . Culture : the culture of the potential partners must be well read and understood. In international joint venture, cultural issues need to be taking care of as different cultural background sees contracts different ways. Structure ; also the structure in which they operate must be understood, also their mission, vision and values must be clearly considered and check if the joint venture can work. Performance : the way they perform in the market is also important, their level of performance in satisfying their customers and suppliers also need to be considered. Their production performance is also important. Product : the brand value should complement each other . These are the characteristics to look for in a potential partner and these factors can be known by checking the websites of the potential partners, company magazines, company reports (quarterly, mid-year, or annual), journals, trade publications, consultants, investment banks, collaboration track records, their suppliers and customers, ex- employee, newspapers and/or from the proposal sent from the potential partner. Tactical planning The next stage is the tactical planning and analysis, it is one of the most important aspect to consider when selecting a partner, having gotten SWOT analyses of your company and all the companies involved. Analyses Company A Potential partner A Potential partner B S- strengths à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ W- weaknesses à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ O- opportunities à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ T- threats Table 2. S.W.O.T Analyses Comparison These allows to compare the general features of each of the potential partners with company As S.W.O.T analysis to check which ones complement each other , and to make initial consideration of the company that can be collaborated with. Key issues and objectives at this stage need to be analysed from these S.W.O.T analysis, and the type of options each company can offer in terms of working together. If collaboration is the best, then what type can be the best for each of the potential partners. Which partner share the common strategy with company A. Also what can be the benefits and risk of forming joint venture with each company need to be carefully accessed. Also at this stage, evaluation and initial assessment of most suitable partner attributes is next. Then the objectives must be clearly defined . it must be S.M.A.R.T. S- Specific M- measurable A- achievable R- realistic and T- time bound The following factors are must be carefully considered when selecting a partner : Cultural issues In international joint venture, cooperation between different partners of different cultures can be a major challenge. In America tends to be individualist and not group oriented but unlike the Japanese that practices collectivist and are group oriented. Aimin and Yadong,(2001), Said one partner may impose its cultural values and norms on the other partner without even consider what the latter attribute might be. And later said that Americans are not very good in learning from their partners as Japanese does, so many foreign companies uses joint venture as an easy way of gaining access to America market and technology. And apart from the national culture, company operational culture need to be well access and make sure that there is compatibility in organisational and management practices with potential partner. Other factors that need to be taking into consideration about cultural issues when forming an international joint ventures are : Language : the language of the contract must be well understood. Since it is international joint venture, it is most likely that the companies comes from a very different nationality, so there must be a common language agreed upon to be used in meetings. Moreover if it is difficult to communicate better in that language, then a competent interpreter that can easily understand the two languages can be used and to be more clear and perfect, two interpreters can be used. The language must be well understood with no hidden agenda. Negotiation : negotiation in international joint venture require a very good management team in order to be successful. The strength and success of o joint venture depends on the interactions of its people. The team must have the experience, skills and attribute it takes to manage joint venture or people with moderate experience but motivated and committed to gain more knowledge. The management team consider the following factors ; Possible outcome : it is essential to outline what the possible outcome of company A and even the potential partners can be. Either it will be a win-lose or win-win approach or mixed. Alternative to agreement : also Company A need to have in mind what can be the best alternative to what they have already agreed on, and also what can be the best alternative for the potential partners as well. Then Company A should find a creative ways to strengthen their own and weakens their partners alternatives. Contract termination : there must be a clear agreement on how to terminate the deal and the price at which any of the companies can breach the deal must be set and estimated for each company. Records keeping : proper record is essential in international joint venture and at the end of every meeting, they need to check what they have already agreed on and what is still open to be discussed. Build trust : the team must be very open, ask many questions for clarity, show respect and highlight complementary need and interest. Resources : a company going into collaboration might not have the full resources require available to meet the demand and may need to tap resources from the joint venture partner. Resources can be human (people), skills and training, technology, raw materials, manufacturing facilities and so on. It must be ensured that the there will be availability of full resources. Political issues The partnership should be checked if it is politically accepted in each country and political risks should be considered. It is possible for the international joint venture to be affected by the political events or political instability in a host country. Also when there is a change in political relationship between the two countries, it may also have an implication on the joint venture. The system of government of the host country, political stability, laws and regulations, existence of other governing bodies must be taken into account. In order to plan ahead of any unforeseen political risk, an insurance policy need to be done and there must be an agreement on financial and operating policies. Financial issues This is another critical aspect of joint venture, it is very important in choosing a joint venture partner. There must be negotiation and the involved parties should agreed on the financial requirements. Financial status or position of all parties involved, debt etc. should be checked Partners market credibility : the market credibility of all the potential partners should be considered Partnership records : their financial performance in the previous partnership they had in the past. Capital contribution : the percentage of capital contribution of each partner should be clearly stated Raising capital : in case there will be a need to raise capital, this can be overdraft, short or long loan, government sources etc. likely source must be outlined Working capital : the capital needed while working must be agreed upon Shareholding : the ownership right of each company should be stated and clear Financial management structure Transaction risk : to avoid transaction risk due to unstable foreign exchange market, trade in home currency or open foreign bank account in the country where the partner comes from. E.g if companies from US and Uk form a partnership, there can be a an account in US Dollars and another in Pounds Sterling to run the project. Taxation (import and export) :different countries with different tax policy, it is very important to discuss the percentage of taxation in the country, the import and export rate Board of directors : the board of directors should be decided. Chairman : the chairman of the joint venture must be decided Governance : the rule of the countries to govern the joint venture Role definition : each party role must be stated clearly Profit share : the percentage of sharing profit between the parties must also be agreed upon. Inflation : possible solution in case of inflation in any of the countries must be taken into account. Resources availability : resource availability in terms of assets, equipment, rent, intellectual property right must be well planned. Legal issue In joint venture company, legal agreement is essential and this can be by word of mouth, gentlemens agreement, memorandum of understanding (MOU), detailed specification, evergreen, full contracts and many more (class module). In international joint venture, the following issues must be considered Governing law : the law of the country to govern the contract must be agreed upon. Payment method : there must be an agreement on the type of payment method accepted. IPR : the right of each partner in terms of Intellectual Property Right must be stated. Patent right, copyright, trademarks etc must also be considered. Termination : it should be stated under which condition can any partner terminate the contract. Common events that terminates contracts are When the contract expires Change of goal of one of the partners Breach of contract by any of the parties Financial or legal issue. Responsibilities : what is expected from each party need to be understood Financial right : they must know their financial right. Veto power : there must not be a partner enforcing power on the other Communication : the way in which communication will be transferred from place to place must be addressed. Managerial right : the level in which each company will operate in terms of management must be stated. Capital : what each partner will contribute and what they will get out of it in terms of profit, product etc Transfer of share : there must be a mutual agreement on the share transfer, normally the parties entering into a joint venture is not expected to transfer its share to third party without the consent of its joint venture partner. Agreement : the management team must ensure that there is a proof of agreement between the partners. Language : the language of the contract must be plain and well understood by the joint venture companies. Criteria for selecting a partner Clear definitions and Common Objectives : select a partner that brings no hidden agenda when negotiating with them, the objectives must complements each other and there must be an evidence that the parties need each other, the language of the contract must be well understood. Strategy clarity and compatibility : the strategy of company A and the potential partner must be very clear, well understood and compatible with each other. Financial strength : it is advisable to partner with a company that has a very strong financial base as it was explain in this module. Mutual benefit : win-win attitude and approach is the ideal for the joint venture partner there must be a low risk of either of the partners becoming a competitor. Previous track records : it is not advisable to go into joint venture with a company that has a poor track record in terms of partnership, financial or customers satisfaction. Management : Culture compatibility : as different companies from different countries operates on different culture, there must be a clear understanding of the potential partner culture in compatible the your Compatibility of CEOs and Senior managers Market power : how strong the potential partner are in the market, customers satisfaction, suppliers relationship Overseas experience : the experience they have in doing business outside their parent country, how it was managed and the success stories they have had in the past. Product relatedness : the products of the joint venture companies must supplement each other, there must be product relatedness. Proper match : there must be proper match in terms of objectives, strength, weakness, opportunities, weakness, culture, financial capability, product relatedness, strategy and so on. There must not be gaps left behind or overlook. Common Objectives Strength Strength More opportunities Less threats